France's student protests spread nationwide as school closures and clashes intensify

Student protests that began around Paris have spread across France, disrupting classes and triggering clashes with police. The movement centres on teacher shortages, overcrowded classrooms, poor school buildings and government plans to reduce spending.

Around 400 to 500 high schools were expected to be fully or partly closed on Monday. Education Minister Édouard Jauffret said safety conditions had not returned to normal at several schools and that closures were intended to protect students and staff.

Why students are protesting

The demonstrations began in mid-September in poorer areas around Paris, including Seine-Saint-Denis. Students say their schools do not have enough teachers or resources, while some buildings are in poor condition and classrooms are overcrowded.

Students in areas such as Aubervilliers, north of Paris, say they receive fewer facilities than students in wealthier districts. Some also say teacher shortages prevent them from completing courses, even as they remain expected to perform well in examinations.

The protests have expanded rapidly. More than 1,200 high schools saw demonstrations or disruption during the week. About 400 schools were closed on Friday, while 560 others experienced disruption linked to protests or other activities.

Clashes add pressure on the government

Some demonstrations have involved fires, stone-throwing and damage to public property. Police used tear gas in several cities, and thousands of people were arrested. Fires were also reported near entrances to some schools in Paris.

The Paris police chief said on 3 October that the student movement was becoming difficult to control and urged protesters to demonstrate peacefully. Students and their supporters, however, say the government is ignoring the problems affecting schools.

The protests have intensified as the government seeks to reduce spending in its 2027 budget plans. Public-sector workers, including teachers, health workers, firefighters and other employees, demonstrated nationwide on 30 September against pay and budget cuts.

Unions claimed that around 3 lakh people took part nationwide, while police put attendance in Paris at about 30 thousand. The government has indicated that it may take measures in education, but protest groups say the steps announced so far are insufficient.

The movement has also coincided with wider economic pressure. The euro fell to a 17-month low against the dollar on Monday, amid investor concerns over France's debt, budget situation and political uncertainty.

Protesters have called for further large demonstrations in the coming days. The government is therefore facing pressure over school resources and safety, while also trying to control public spending and the budget deficit.